Eighteen Children from an Orthogenic Backward Class

At the request of a special class teacher in a Philadelphia school, who is also a student in psychology at the University, an examination was made of eighteen orthogenic backward cases, comprising her special class, and forty-three suspects from grades one to six inclusive. These suspects were chosen by their grade teacher, either because of failure to be promoted, or on account of other stigmata which, in the teacher's judgment, placed the child below the norm of his group. The school is situated in a factory district and draws its attendance, in a large measure, from the homes of foreign born parents. Within the group tested, were children of Italian, Austrian, Russian, English and Irish parentage as well as five colored children. The social grade of the children examined was, in no case, very high. The grade pupils were tested with the recommendation of special class always in mind. In choosing a battery of tests, an effort was made to have the